Junior level atlas maps require clear colours, fonts and symbols with concrete, simple examples of direction indicators and scale. As well as a simple alphanumeric indexing system and uncluttered map areas. This example is from the Oxford Atlas Project 1 published by Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Middle level atlas maps require clear colours, fonts and symbols with slightly more complex examples of direction indicators and scale. An alphanumeric indexing system based on simple latitude and longitude lines. This example is from the Macmillan Secondary School Atlas for Kenya published by Macmillan Kenya, Nairobi. Upper level atlas maps require clear colours, fonts and symbols and may use more complex examples of direction indicators and scale. Text elements can be a little smaller and use a greater variety in appearance. An alphanumeric indexing system based on simple latitude and longitude lines. This example is from the Oxford Atlas published by Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Junior level thematic maps should use clear bright colours and graphical symbols to create uncluttered maps. Key descriptions should be simple and age appropriate. This example is from the East Africa Wall Map published by Macmillan Education, Oxford. Land cover maps show the generalised land cover and in this case that data is draped over a digital elevation model (DEM) and other data added - settlement, transport and country borders. This example is from the Oxford Atlas published by Oxford University Press, Melbourne and is also available on-line in obook format or in the Oxford Atlas app for iPad. Middle level thematic maps should use clear bright colours and slightly more abstract symbols though retaining a clear hierarchical structure when mapping statistical data. This example is from the Oxford Atlas Project 2, published by Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Political maps generally show the different levels of administrative areas and can also show settlement and transport patterns. This example is in Portuguese and comes from the Angola Atlas Geográfico Ensino Secundário published by Macmillan Education, Oxford. Statistical maps of areas generally use the choropleth mapping method where a colour progression is used to depict the statistical data. Mapping of point symbols representing statistical data also uses a graduated symbol data set. This example is from the Oxford Atlas published by Oxford University Press, Melbourne. City maps can take many styles. This is a map of Lower Manhattan Island, New York City. Central London showing major roads and places of interest. Central Sydney showing roads and places of interest. Central Copenhagen showing major roads and places of interest. Greater London showing key road, rail infrastructure and major airports. Also shown are some key locations of interest. Central Rome showing major roads and parks as well as places of interest. Greater Sydney showing transport infrastructure and industrial areas. Central Wellington, New Zealand showing major roads and places of interest. Some urban franchise areas require detailed street maps to show the required area. The boundaries of some franchise areas can be defined by main roads. Franchise maps show the defined area served by the franchisor. It's up to the franchisee how these areas are defined and often depends on the particular type of franchise. This example is based on Postcode areas and the map also contains a list of the areas to be serviced. Most regional area franchises simply show which towns are to be serviced. Similar to franchise maps are maps that show sales territories for company sales people. The maps make it clear who has responsibility for a particular area. Franchisors often require state or regional maps showing a group of franchise areas. Some franchises in urban areas simply use a suburb definition for areas to be serviced. An example of a regional franchise map. All the Bunnings stores in Australia in a Google Earth file. Each location can have data displayed when it is clicked on or hovered over. A major commercial retailer wants to show all the shopping centres by size. Health infrastructure like hospital, ambulance and police station locations plotted within postcode areas and distance circles from a particular location. A company is looking at choosing a new location and plots the location of the employees and the two sites together with distance circles from both. The locations of all the 7-11 stores in the Brisbane area. One shopping centre wanting to know the locations of the other major shopping centres in relation to it with distance circles and a distance table. Building materials recycling facilities with local government areas. A Victorian company wanted to plot the locations of all their customers categorised by sales amount. Redcliffe City Council wanted a map that they could give away to visitors. It's a double sided map where a detailed street map is on one side and the map on the other side is of the region and is surrounded by advertisements from local businesses who pay to advertise. The map is reprinted every year and has been taken up by the now merged Moreton Bay Regional Council. Part of the second side of the Redcliffe map with advertisers. A water authority required maps of the public facilities available in the recreational areas of their various dams. Brisbane City Council needed a number of maps for their report Brisbane 2011. A division of Queensland Health required a poster sized map of their catchment areas and the available infrastructure. This map depicts ancient Athens. This map shows the Balkans in 1915. This map details the naval movements at the battle of Gallipoli. This map shows the early boundaries and settlements of New South Wales This map depicts the world in two hemispheres in an antique style. This map depicts the early societal flows of Rome. This map shows Romeo and Juliette's location in northern Italy. This map details the battles between Spartans and Persians. Statistics can be graphed in many ways. One standard geographical data set is that of climate statistics for a particular location which are graphed in a climate graph showing monthly changes in temperature and rainfall. Annotated images add text and graphics to images to help explain processes or methods. Geographic cross sections provide users with an imaginary view of a vertical cross section through some part of the earth - these three show Malawi, the Kokada Track and Antarctica. A cross sectional cut out showing the layers of the earth. The 2011 earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster in northern Japan. Information graphics can help explain things like the seasons and the phases of the moon. Graphic symbols are used to show activities at a particular point using easily recognisable graphics. Another standard geographical graph is the population pyramid which shows the proportion of the total population within an age range by gender. Location of the three time zones in Australia. Location of the island of Bali within its region. Location of the Everglades National Park in Florida. Location of the epicentre of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake that resulted in a tsunami. Location of earthquakes and tectonic plate boundaries in Japan. Location of Kapawi Lodge in remote Ecuador. Location of settlements on Montserrat in the Caribbean before being devastated by volcanic eruptions. Location and size of relocations in China due to the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. Another geo-references PDF file. Oxford Atlas iPad App is being developed by Oxford University Press, Melbourne. The maps will be fully layered so that the user can toggle different data sets contained within the maps. The whole world is covered. PDF Maps iOS App by Avenza uses geo-referenced Acrobat PDF files to show various parts of the world. Any geo-references PDF can be used with this app. An example of the Oxford Atlas iPad App maps. Diary publishers often want a number of reference type maps included in their publications. Large events often require maps to show specific transport options to attendees. A local magazine required a map to show local areas. Well known Australian photographer, Steve Parish, publishes a number of books where he wants to indicate those photographed places on a map. Real Estate agents rely on being able to show people where properties are located. A useful tool is a personalised street map of the region that can be given away to prospective clients. Branding is important to show a consistent approach. Travel books are enhanced with the inclusion of attractive maps. Local area marketing through maps can highlight key places. Many statistics available from government departments can assist in analysis. Shown on this map is data by Local Government Area (LGA) on the amount of irrigated land. This map shows data by bio-geographic regions of population change. Different data sets can be displayed over the same base giving a change over time effect. Data sets can be divided into as many subsets as is required. Comparing linked data sets can often be very useful. Postcode areas provide a convenient unit for capturing statistics, Analysis of the data can assist in management of business decisions. Mapping different data sets can lead to useful comparisons. Data might be available by Statistical Local Area (SLA), Local Government Area (LGA) or other units. Airlines require maps clearly showing flight destinations. The lines do not necessarily show the actual route but rather that the airline flies between the two ports. Many publications require simple black and white maps to help illustrate troop movements and key encounters. Geography books are used the world over to educate students in the details of our world. The variety of maps in geography books is enormous. Specialist books, such as places to kayak near Brisbane, often required independently designed maps. Reference maps can be placed in a variety of publications and can similarly take a variety of styles. Street directory maps - anything from smaller regional cities or suburbs to large metropolitan cities, Mapping styles vary with clients' needs. Topographic maps show the user information about the relief of place usually through contours. They can also show settlements, transport networks and some simplified vegetation cover. Tourist oriented books come in many forms and often require maps to help tell the story of those special places. A useful method for showing how an estate fits into the local area is to show it draped over an oblique aerial photograph. Often blocks require individual plans to show building envelopes. Real Estate sales plans take the extremely detailed survey and engineering plans and turn them into appealing documents for the public to use to get basic information about particular blocks. Estate plans can show green areas and shaded relief to show the general shape of the land. Some house and land packaged estates want to show general roof outlines, driveways and other infrastructure. The prospective owner wants to know location, aspect, area and boundary dimensions. Sometimes infrastructure like sewerage lines, water lines and power lines are also shown. The developer wants to add advertising elements to the overall plan. Stage plans can show details about just the lots in that particular release as well as a location map of the stage within the overall estate. A combination of house and land details. A map for a large tyre company showing service sites. Colorado poster map of Australia and New Zealand and insets of size Australia cities. One of the maps in the Brisbane City Council report on Brisbane in 2011. A map showing the cotton infrastructure in Australia. Another map from the same report showing the cotton growing areas in Australia and the US. A map produced for the South Pacific Regional Environment Program showing the countries in the South Pacific. The map was produced in both French and English. A report map showing the company ownership of many large beef cattle properties. One map in the report on the Shoalwater Bay area. A map of the Hong Kong major road network. This map shows the retracing of the classic route taken by Robert Louis Stevenson and his donkey. The map shows the classic Route 66 from Chicago to Los Angeles in the USA. Trinidad showing major roads and settlements. The major roads in tropical north Queensland. A map of the USA showing the major road network. The major roads of Western Australia This map shows the island of Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland in the Netherlands, its major roads and settlements. Satellite images and aerial photos can help with property management. Maps of smaller properties can show tree lines and improved pastures. Any of these maps can also be supplied as geo-referenced PDF files and then viewed on an iOS device such as an iPod Touch, iPhone or iPad through the free Avenza PDF maps app. Once the PDF is loaded into the device it can pinpoint the user's location on the map. Users can add waypoints and measure distances and areas. See the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZjO_T6MuCbA" target="_blank">video</a> for a demonstration. Once the free app is installed you can trial it with a free simple map of Queensland found <a href="http://www.mapgraphics.com.au/georef/qldgeo.pdf" target="_blank">here</a> Property maps can be used for property management or as a sales tool. They would normally show paddocks with fence lines, watering points, paddock names and areas, creeks, property tracks, homesteads and buildings. They can also show areas of high ground or heavy vegetation. Vegetation maps can help with property management in allocating stocking levels to different paddocks. As well as detailed property maps another useful element is the location map. This shows prospective buyers where the property is located in relation to local roads and towns. Contour maps can help with decision making should the property become flood affected. The can also help with decisions about water pipeline planning. An example of a rural property map. We can overlay the data that we create on top of existing other datasets like topographic maps, soils or vegetation maps, satellite images or aerial photographs. This is a DEM of part of Death Valley, California. As well as satellite images, data to create DEM (Digital Elevation Models) is also widely available. This is a DEM of the area around the Kokoda Track in Papua New Guinea. Satellite images and DEM data can be combined. This satellite image shows the nuclear power plant at Fukushima, Japan before the recent earthquake and tsunami. This satellite image is of higher resolution and shows the lower part of Manhattan Island, New York City. There are numerous satellites in orbit around Earth that capture images of different parts of the planet at different resolutions and at different time intervals. This is a Landsat image of the greater Brisbane area. Landsat images are available for the whole world. This is a Landsat image of the area around the Kokoda Track in Papua New Guinea. This image shows an oblique view of a DEM of the greater Sydney basin showing airflows that lead to air pollution in the city. Satellite imagery can be useful in remote areas to help draw maps of local infrastructure. This image shows the homestead and nearby buildings and fences on a remote cattle property. Chernobyl, Ukraine showing the radioactive fallout following the disaster. Haiti showing the location of the earthquake epicentre and its intensity and the flow of refugees and movement of aid. Kruger National Park in South Africa showing rainfall, vegetation and animal distribution. Montserrat in the Caribbean showing the effects of the volcanic eruption. North Pacific Ocean showing ocean currents and the location of the two garbage patches. Mt St Helens, USA showing the results of the eruption. The greater Sydney region showing vegetation types. Upolu, Samoa showing land ownership. A trip around the east coast of Australia. A trip through the UK and continental Europe. A trip through southern Africa. The map is designed for a website. A road trip up the west coast of the USA and Canada. Accommodation maps should show the location of accommodation sites and their surroundings. Hire car companies need to be able to inform their clients of which areas are inaccessible for hire vehicles. When tourists have arrived at a particular location, place of interest maps provide a detail view of where different sites are located. Route planning maps need to show users the types of routes which are available and the attractions that are found along particular routes. Theme park maps are useful for showing visitors the location of attraction and facilities. Styles can vary enormously from picturesque to clear and simple. Tourist street maps should show places of interest to visitors. Travel distance maps are useful when planning trips. Walking maps alert users to attractions along trails. Some simple animations can highlight particular aspects of website maps. For out of the way places a regional map may be more appropriate. Sometimes a detailed map showing your location is all that's needed. One-way streets can be a real problem for people trying to locate your business. A simple locality map showing key landmarks and direction of one-way streets can be useful. There may be lots of other things around the location or route but you only want to highlight the key features required in finding your location. Showing just the main streets and local landmarks is often enough in a small location map. Showing just the main streets and local landmarks is often enough in a small location map. Sometimes a simple black and white map is useful to be included with mailouts.